The Dandelion Vol. 6 No. 22

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the dandelion

Vol. 6 March, 2000 No. 22

American Anarchism:
What It Is & What It Is Not

Joseph Labadie's Effort To
Define It

By Carlotta Anderson

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the dandelion

national Working Men's Association before
converting to anarchism, did not think
anarchy could be established through brutal
means, and predicted floridly that brutality
would "devour its own brood before moral
means and Anarchy can sway their sceptre
of Bliss." 22

British-born William T. Holmes, who hid
fugitive Chicago anarchist Albert Parsons at
his home in Geneva, Illinois, for several days
after the Haymarket bombing, and was
threatened by local townspeople with mob
violence, made the distinction between re-
olutionary views, having to do with destruc-
tion, and "constructionist" views, which
pertained to the system which would replace
the existing one. He did not rule out violence
in the revolutionary phase. Anarchy, he
held, could not result until the revolution
— peaceable or otherwise — was accomplish-
ed. He described the eventual state of
anarchy as peace, order, local self-govern-
ment, opposed in principle to force of every
kind. 23

Holmes was one of the few Labadie con-

the dandelion

tacted who had ties to communist, or collect-
ivist, anarchism, a doctrine subscribed to in
the United States primarily by the foreign-
born. As formulated by Peter Kropotkin,
it envisioned a stateless system of commun-
es in which the people owned the means of
production in common. They would be
rewarded not as a result of free competition,
as the individualists would have it, but "To
each according to his needs, from each acc-
ording to his ability." The notorious Johann
Most and the Chicago anarchists associated
with the Haymarket affair espoused this
doctrine and many advocated violent tactics
to achieve it. Tucker reviled the communist
anarchists as authoritarians and referred
to them either as communists or "anarch-
ists" in quotes. In his view, anarchism and
communism contradicted each other, and
in the derisive fashion he relished, he pub-
licly called Holmes an ignoramus." 24

Labadie opposed communist anarchism
because it denied the right of private owner-
ship "of the results of one's own efforts"
(which did not include land) . However, he

16

17